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NutrInsight • Satiety: News Insights
Environment and Lifestyle
Food Cues Taste & Smell “Palatability“
Availability Cost/Reward
Clock
Stress Mood
Social Habits
Physical Activity Level
Nutrient Energy Sensing
Intake
Nutrient Partitioning
Energy Expenditure
Internal Milieu
Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing the major factors determining neural control of appetite and regulation of energy balance.
The brain monitors the internal milieu through a number of hormonal and neural nutrient sensing mechanisms and is under constant influence of the environment and lifestyle through the senses and mainly the cognitive and emotional brain.
The two streams of information are integrated to generate adaptive behavioural (food intake) and autonomic/endocrine responses determining nutrient partitioning, energy expenditure, and overall energy balance. All of the peripheral and central signalling steps are subject to individual predisposition either through genetic, epigenetic, or non-genetic early life imprinting mechanisms.
Source: Berthoud, 2011
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